KEY TAKEAWAY

• Data sharing is an essential component of open science. The EQUATOR executive are calling for its inclusion in reporting guidelines.

Mandatory data sharing has been gaining pace in recent years, with data underlying US federally funded research soon needing to be made available immediately on publication. Since its inception in 2006, the Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research (EQUATOR) Network, best known for hosting an online library of research reporting guidelines, has been an important advocate for improving the quality and transparency of medical research reporting. Now, in a recent article for The BMJ, the EQUATOR executive group explain how data sharing could be made standard practice as the next goal for open science.

Are current reporting guidelines sufficient?

The authors describe data sharing as a broad concept, from study registration to protocol availability, then data availability. While many stakeholders have emphasised trial registration and transparency, the requirement to discuss data sharing is missing from most reporting guidelines. A notable exception is a 2020 addition to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist.

“While many stakeholders have emphasised trial registration and transparency, the requirement to discuss data sharing is missing from most reporting guidelines.”

The EQUATOR executive encourage new or updated reporting guidelines to cover data sharing, to ensure authors:

• describe data sharing in protocol and results publications
• are encouraged to share data
• report on items linked to data sharing, like sharing of code and protocols.

What can authors do now?

While awaiting formal guidance on reporting data sharing, the EQUATOR executive suggest authors include the following in publications:

• data definition, collection, and management methods
• manuals or videos used in delivering the intervention
• the statistical analysis plan, including any coding
• any barriers to sharing data and other materials from the study.

The EQUATOR executive also encourage authors to adopt the findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) and collective benefit, authority to control, responsibility, and ethics (CARE) principles when sharing data.

What’s next?

Beyond reporting guidelines, the authors signpost journal policies, funder expectations, and research assessment criteria as avenues to drive increased data sharing. They also point to data management and sharing plans, and suggest an opportunity for the EQUATOR Network to provide guidance on reporting these in a standardised way to further boost data sharing.

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